Cultural Adaptation, Social Integration, and Health Outcomes among Immigrant Communities in Kullu District, Himachal Pradesh

Abstract

This paper examines links between cultural adaptation, social integration, and health outcomes among immigrant and seasonal migrant populations in Kullu district, Himachal Pradesh, using secondary, district-level data. Using Census 2011 (District Census Handbook), NFHS-derived District Nutrition Profile (IFPRI/NITI), NHM facility listings and published studies on migration and tourism in the Kullu valley, we describe demographic composition, migration-related features, health infrastructure, and major health/nutrition burdens. Key findings: Kullu (pop. 437,903 in 2011) remains predominantly rural (~90.6%), with notable seasonal/urban male in-migrant presence in towns (reflected in urban sex ratios and labour patterns); child undernutrition and anemia burdens remain substantial (IFPRI headcount estimates: stunted ~11,855; anemic children ~22,337), while adult women show a double burden of underweight and overweight/obesity. We discuss how limited social integration of migrants (seasonality, language/cultural differences, employment in tourism) may shape access to services and health outcomes, and propose targeted recommendations for inclusive public health action.