History of the Construction of the Early Orthodox Churches in the Turkestan

Abstract

This article explores the historical, social, political, and cultural developments of 19th-century Turkestan, focusing on the influence of the Russian Empire during its expansion into Central Asia. The study examines how Russian imperial policy shaped local life, particularly through the introduction of new administrative systems, military governance, and religious architecture. Special attention is given to the construction of Orthodox churches as symbols of Russian authority and instruments of cultural transformation. These churches were not only religious centers but also tools of Russification, representing the Empire’s efforts to assert control over the predominantly Muslim population. The analysis draws from official imperial decrees, colonial records, and historical accounts to highlight how church-building projects were strategically implemented to reinforce the presence of Russian settlers, military personnel, and administrators. Additionally, the article discusses how these constructions impacted the urban landscape, altered traditional power structures, and influenced local cultural dynamics. By contextualizing the religious and architectural changes within the broader framework of imperial policy, this study provides insight into the complex interplay between colonization, religion, and identity in 19th-century Turkestan.