American Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies (2993-2157)
American Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies (2993-2157) - is open-access peer-reviewed research on the theory, practice, processes, and outcomes of diplomacy in both its traditional state-based forms, as well as contemporary diplomatic expressions practiced by states and non-state entities. Journal publishes a range of articles pertaining to public diplomacy and related fields, including international relations, public relations, public affairs, media studies, cultural studies, economics, and nation branding.
Analysis of 10-Year Macroeconomic Indicators of the Republic of Korea
Ushbu maqolada Koreya Respublikasining so‘nggi o‘n yil ichidagi asosiy iqtisodiy va makroiqtisodiy ko’rsatkichlari tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot davomida yalpi ichki mahsulot (YIM), inflyatsiya, mehnat bozori ko‘rsatkichlari, tashqi savdo va investitsiya oqimlari kabi asosiy indikatorlar o‘rganildi. Shuningdek, iqtisodiy o‘sishning barqarorligi, inqirozga chidamliligi va makroiqtisodiy siyosatning samaradorligi tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada so‘nggi o‘n yil ichida kuzatilgan iqtisodiy tendensiyalar, ularning global iqtisodiyot va regional rivojlanish bilan bog‘liqligi ko‘rsatib o‘tilgan. Tadqiqot natijalari orqali Koreya iqtisodiyotining o‘sish mexanizmlarini va siyosiy choralarni yanada samarali shakllantirish holatlari ko’zda tutiladi.
Copyright (c) 2026 American Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies (2993-2157)
Intergovernmental Diplomacy and Consensus Rhetoric in United Nations Official Discourse
Language plays a central role in multilateral diplomacy, particularly within the institutional framework of the United Nations (UN), where decision-making is strongly oriented toward consensus. This article examines the rhetorical and pragmatic mechanisms through which consensus is constructed in UN official discourse. Drawing on theories of politeness, hedging, modality, strategic ambiguity, and speech act theory, the study analyzes how linguistic strategies such as indirectness, impersonality, passive constructions, euphemism, and modal expressions function to minimize conflict and facilitate agreement among sovereign states. The findings demonstrate that UN diplomatic language systematically avoids overt confrontation in favor of generalized, cooperative formulations that enable divergent political positions to coexist within a shared textual framework. The article argues that consensus in UN discourse is not merely a political outcome but a linguistically mediated process shaped by carefully calibrated rhetorical choices.
Non-governmental Non-profit Organizations in Central Asian Countries Development Dynamics
This paper explores the dynamic evolution of non-governmental non-profit organizations (NGOs) in Central Asia, particularly focusing on the development of these organizations in Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Turkmenistan. Following their independence from the Soviet Union, these countries have experienced varying trajectories in the formation of civil society institutions, influenced by their political regimes, legal frameworks, and international cooperation. The development process of NGOs in Uzbekistan has seen significant growth, supported by governmental reforms and the establishment of institutional infrastructures like NGO Houses. Conversely, in Tajikistan and Turkmenistan, the NGO sector faces stricter state control, limiting their independence and political activities. This paper analyzes the stages of NGO development in these countries, highlighting both successes and challenges, and argues for context-based approaches to strengthen civil society in the region, taking into account the different political landscapes. The findings underscore the critical role of NGOs in fostering democratic practices, addressing social issues, and contributing to the overall socio-economic development of Central Asian nations.
The Impact of Global Pandemics on Small and Medium-scale Enterprises in Developing Countries: The Nigerian Example
The 16th Ebola outbreak in the Kasai Province of the Democratic Republic of Congo in September 20205 renewed palpable fears of a possible spread of the deadly virus to West Africa, especially in Nigeria, where the outbreak of 2014 seriously disrupted mostly Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) that are yet to recover from the impact. In an increasingly globalised world, interconnected by land, air, and sea, pandemics in one remote country can spread quickly and disrupt the supply chains in far-flung locations, leading to disastrous social and economic consequences for commercial transactions, especially SMEs. They drive innovation and create more jobs than the public service, but are prone to layoffs and construction. Luckily, the latest outbreak was promptly contained to the relief of global disease-tracking agencies. As one advertisement on the Cable News Network (CNN) declares: Everything is connected to business, just as business is connected to everything else. In Nigeria, these pandemics significantly disrupted the already struggling Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs), resulting in lower productivity, substantial financial losses, and increased unemployment, with dire consequences for the government and the rest of society. The WHO identifies weak healthcare systems, poor access to quality healthcare, and atavistic cultural norms as contributing factors to the spread of HIV/AIDS, Ebola, and COVID-19 in many developing nations. The study relies on quantitative approaches and secondary data to highlight the negative impact of global pandemics on SMEs in Nigeria, especially the challenges they faced during and after the outbreaks. The paper proposes more effective and inclusive strategies to reduce the adverse effects of future pandemics on SMEs, including reinforcing digital infrastructure to minimise human contact, sourcing contingency funding, and government support at all levels to keep SMEs functional and profitable, even in crises.
Intergovernmental Relations and Federal Roads Infrastructure Development in Nigeria: A Study of Delta and Edo States
The study examined intergovernmental relations and federal roads infrastructure development in Nigeria Delta and Edo States a case study. The study adopted Structural-Functionalism Theory. The study employed the descriptive research design. The study evaluates the independence or correlation between categorical variables represented in the Likert scale responses. The study used both qualitative and quantitative sources. The study revealed that many of the respondents agreed that IGR has a positive impact on governance and road infrastructure. The study revealed that political rivalry as another challenge; 51.2% of the respondents strongly agreed and 40% agreed that the conflicts between federal and state governments hinder infrastructure development. The study recommended that both the federal and state governments need to guarantee adequate funding for road projects, along with measures in place to promote transparency and accountability in order to prevent corruption and inefficiencies, among others.
Legal Implications and Liability Issues of Artificial Intelligence (AI)–Based Corporate Decision-Making Models
This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the role of artificial intelligence in decision-making within corporations. Within the scope of the study, the use of AI systems in corporate governance processes, their impact on efficiency, and the resulting legal risks are examined. In particular, it addresses issues such as determining liability in cases where decisions involving AI cause harm, algorithmic errors, differences between humans and artificial intelligence, the legal consequences of decisions made by AI, and related accountability. Additionally, based on international experience, a comparative corporate analysis has been conducted, and legislative recommendations have been developed in the conclusion.
AI Diplomacy: Can Algorithms Help Humanity Resolve International Conflicts?
Artificial intelligence is becoming a fully-fledged tool of diplomacy. Algorithms warn of conflicts before they break out and simulate dozens of peace treaty scenarios in a matter of hours. But can machines trained on human data overcome our own biases? Is the world truly on the brink of a revolution in international relations.
Strengthening the Role of Authorized Bodies in the Legal Regulation of Civilian and Service Weapons Circulation
The adoption of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Weapons" established the legal basis for the licensing and permitting system in the sphere of weapons circulation. The introduction of this system significantly strengthened state regulation of relevant legal relations and led to a significant increase in both the types of weapons permitted for civilian circulation and the number of permits. At the same time, the workload of employees of the control and licensing units of internal affairs agencies, as well as of employees of public order protection units (hereinafter referred to as PLOPS employees) and prevention inspectors, who are responsible for state and departmental oversight functions in this area, has increased significantly.
State Policy on Digitalization of the Economy
This article scientifically analyzes the role of state policy in the process of digitalization of the economy and its impact on economic development. The main goal of the research is to assess the effectiveness of political, institutional, and organizational measures implemented by the state in the context of the digital economy and to determine their impact on economic growth, competitiveness, and social well-being. The research methodology used methods of system analysis, comparative-statistical methods, study of regulatory legal acts, and comparison of foreign experience. The article highlights the mechanisms for increasing economic efficiency through the development of digital infrastructure, the introduction of an e-government system, and the support of digital finance and e-commerce. The research results show that the consistent and comprehensive implementation of state policy is an important factor in ensuring the sustainable development of the digital economy.
Copyright (c) 2025 American Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies (2993-2157)
Free Legal Aid System: Legislation, Practice and Development Prospects
The article emphasizes that issues related to the system of providing free legal aid to the population are an important mechanism in the formation of a legal state and civil society, and analyzes opinions on its legal foundations and forms. Proposals and recommendations on the prospects for the development of this system are also provided.
Peace Education and Human Rights Literacy as Tools for Conflict Prevention in the Niger Delta: A Human Security Perspective
Nigeria’s Niger Delta is one of the regions of the world that recorded intractable conflicts over the years. The spasmodic violence, instability and conflict in the region are as deeply rooted in socio-economic marginalization, environmental degradation, human rights violations and governance failure. Consecutive decades of state interventions and corporate social responsibility have not ensured peace as sustainable and enduring. This indicates the weakness of conventional, state-led conflict management. This paper examines how peace education and human rights literacy can be employed as transformative tools of conflict prevention in the Niger Delta from the perspective of a human security framework that prioritizes people-focused solutions over militarized solutions. Drawing on qualitative data from policy reports, field reports and interviews with stakeholder groups, the study examines how empowering local communities through awareness of their rights, building a culture of dialogue and practising peace education via formal and informal institutions can reverse the structural causes of conflict. The study affirms that improved human rights consciousness and comprehensive peace education curricula increase social cohesion, participatory governance and de-motivation of violence as conflict resolution strategies. Integration of human security ideas into peace education and rights literacy education is required to build lasting peace, environmental justice, and fair development in oil-producing Niger Delta societies.
The Historical Development and Decline of the Crimean Khanate
This article analyzes the historical development of the Crimean Khanate, its political, social, and economic structure, as well as the main reasons for its decline and the process of its conquest by the Russian Empire. The article covers the relations of the Crimean Khanate with the Celestial Empire, the policies and economic strategies implemented in the Khanate, as well as the processes of cultural development and the fight against external invasions in the country. In addition, attention was drawn to the internal instability of the last stage of the Crimean Khanate and the process of conquest carried out under the influence of Russia's imperialist policy. The article helps historians and political scientists better understand the process from the formation of the Crimean Khanate to its decline and serves as a scientific source for a comprehensive study of its history.
Applying Predictive Analytics to Optimize Government Operations and Improve Public Service Delivery in the United States
The United States governmental agencies are turning to the use of data-driven strategies to improve operational efficiency and increase the delivery of public services. This study deploys predictive analytics to the NYC 311 Customer Service Requests dataset, which is a high volume of administrative data regarding the citizen-reported non-urgent problems to determine how sophisticated analytical methods could streamline government work. The dataset provides detailed data of type, agency, venue, and time specific service measures, which can be used to perform a detailed evaluation of the dynamics of service demand processes and agency responsiveness. The research will create a new performance measure, Request_Closing_Time, to identify the speed and performance efficiency of their services by carrying out extensive data preprocessing, temporal transformation, and feature engineering.This study uses forecasting tools, such as ARIMA and LSTM, to forecast the volumes of service requests so that governmental agencies can predict the changes in workloads and resource allocation effectively. Service delays and the factors that have the most significant impact on response times are predicted using machine learning algorithms, including Random Forest, SVM, and the XGBoost. Statistical tests also determine that the response time among complaints of different types and the correlations between different types of complaints and geographical locations are significantly different. The findings indicate evident time trends, high agency performance deviation, and high spatial response of the citizen service needs. This study has revealed the benefits of predictive analytics in facilitating proactive decision-making, backlog reduction, and responsiveness of services in urban governments. The lessons also offer a viable roadmap to the incorporation of data-driven projections, categorizing, and statistical evaluation into the work of the U.S. government. Finally, this study emphasizes that predictive analytics may offer a significant change in the way more efficient, transparent, and citizen-centered government services are designed.
Machine Learning within the Public Administration
Copyright (c) 2023 American Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies (2993-2157)
From Local to Global: How Community-Based Climate Action Shapes International Environmental Diplomacy
The global climate governance is also characterized by an intention-action gap accompanied by North-South equity issues and technology-transfer tensions. This study explores the way community-based climate action may fill that gap. Adopting an interpretivist, qualitative design, three cases of MENA (Jordanian water conservation, Moroccan reforestation, Saudi urban flood resilience) were examined through document analysis, semi-structured interviews, and secondary climate data using thematic analysis. The data and national references were updated and analyzed according to the Fourth National Communication (2023), Second Biennial Update Report (2021) and Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (2021) of Jordan, in accordance with the policy of the National Climate Change 20202050 and the National Adaptation Plan (2021). Findings indicate that grassroots efforts percolate up through the effects of demonstrations, signifying national policy tools and contributing to the viability and credibility of the NDCs; and also, they serve as diplomatic capital that actualizes equity, enhances North-South collaboration and improves trustworthiness in submissions to the UNFCCC. Recommendations include the institutionalization of local-global knowledge platforms, the focus of finance on community-led adaptation, and the involvement of community actors in the process of delegation negotiation. The paper also highlights the increasing importance of community-based climate diplomacy as an example of the Al-Munther Al-Monakhi Initiative that was initiated by the author at COP29. The initiative shows how the involvement of the bottom-up can support national policies and fill the gap between global pledges and local action through translation of the principles of the Paris Agreement and the Updated NDCs of Jordan into activities and opportunities that are accessible and community-based. Implications reposition environmental diplomacy as multi-scalar, enhancing the ambition, fairness and implementation.
Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)
Comparative Analysis of Language Units Developing Cognitive Competence in French and Uzbek
This study is aimed at a comparative analysis of language units that develop cognitive competence in French and Uzbek. The study analyzes language units, their semantic and pragmatic properties, as well as their role in understanding and memorizing the information being studied. Complex word combinations and metaphorical expressions in French are compared with analogical constructions in Uzbek. This will determine how language units affect the cognitive processes of students or language learners. The results of the study can be used in pedagogical practice to develop educational materials aimed at increasing cognitive competence. At the same time, the study will help develop effective teaching methods taking into account semantic and syntactic differences in the language learning process. In conclusion, the uniqueness of language units in the French and Uzbek languages and their role in stimulating cognitive processes are determined, which allows you to make the learning and educational process of two languages more effective.
The Development Prospects of the Chinese Economy
The Chinese economy has become one of the most important and fastest-growing parts of the global economy in the 21st century. This article analyzes the development prospects of the Chinese economy, its growth model based on technological innovations, and the process of global integration. China's "Made in China 2025" strategy, "Belt and Road Initiative," and the policy of expanding the domestic market are aimed at strengthening its position in the global economy. However, alongside China's economic development, social inequality, environmental problems, and political conflicts in international relations also pose risks. The article examines the main directions of China's economic development, the obstacles to their implementation, and China's future strategies.
Pedagogical and Social Factors Influencing the Development of Students’ Legal Culture
The article explores the pedagogical and social factors influencing the formation and development of students’ legal culture in the context of building a law-governed state and a civil society. It highlights that legal culture is a complex social phenomenon that encompasses legal knowledge, legal awareness, and legal activity, which together determine an individual’s attitude toward law and justice. The author emphasizes the decisive role of family, educational institutions, state organizations, and the media in shaping the legal consciousness of young people. The paper also examines ongoing reforms and educational initiatives in Uzbekistan, such as the “Youth – Our Future” program, “Street Law,” “Advocacy Train,” and “Legal Clinic” projects, aimed at increasing legal literacy and awareness among the population. The study concludes that the enhancement of youth legal culture is a key prerequisite for the establishment of a democratic, law-based, and just society.
Determining the Reliability of Corporate Accounting and Reporting Data through Internal Audit Procedures
This paper examines the methodological approaches and practical role of internal audit in ensuring the reliability of corporate accounting and financial reporting. It analyzes key procedures such as documentary verification, analytical reviews, and compliance checks used to identify discrepancies, errors, and information risks. Through case studies of companies like "NAVIGUL" LLC and "CHUST AGRO FRUITS" LLC, the study demonstrates how internal audit detects material misstatements in areas such as inventory valuation, revenue recognition, and depreciation calculation, which directly impact financial results and tax liabilities. The findings underscore that a systematic internal audit function not only serves a detective role but also provides a foundation for corrective actions and strategic decision-making. Furthermore, the integration of audit findings and recommendations into the company's ongoing information systems and management processes is highlighted as a critical factor for enhancing financial transparency, reducing risks, and improving overall operational profitability.
The Relationship Between Innovation Management and Economic Growth: Using Uzbekistan as An Example
this article examines the intricate relationship between innovation management and economic growth, utilizing Uzbekistan as a case study to illustrate how strategic policy reforms and technological advancements have propelled the nation's transition from a resource-dependent economy to one increasingly driven by knowledge and creativity. Drawing on empirical data from recent years, it highlights Uzbekistan's implementation of innovation parks, research and development incentives, and public-private partnerships, which have contributed to an average annual GDP growth of 5.3% since 2017, while also addressing persistent challenges such as inadequate funding and skill gaps that could hinder sustained progress. Ultimately, the analysis underscores the potential for Uzbekistan to achieve upper-middle-income status by 2030 through enhanced innovation management, offering valuable insights for other developing economies seeking to leverage innovation as a catalyst for long-term economic resilience and competitiveness.
Improving the Legal Mechanisms for Combating Corruption
This article is devoted to the study and analysis of the legal mechanisms for combating corruption in the Republic of Uzbekistan and the ways to improve them in accordance with international standards and national development priorities. Corruption remains one of the most complex socio-legal problems that negatively affects the efficiency of public administration, economic stability, and the trust of citizens in state institutions. In recent years, Uzbekistan has made significant progress in forming a comprehensive anti-corruption policy framework, introducing institutional reforms, and aligning national legislation with global best practices. The article examines the essence of corruption as a legal and moral phenomenon, its causes and consequences, as well as the role of legal mechanisms in its prevention and suppression. Special attention is given to the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On Combating Corruption,” the functions of the Anti-Corruption Agency, and the implementation of the “National Anti-Corruption Strategy for 2021–2025.” The research emphasizes that effective anti-corruption measures require not only the existence of laws but also their consistent enforcement, transparency in public administration, and civic participation in monitoring government activities. Furthermore, the paper analyzes international experiences—particularly the practices of countries such as Singapore, South Korea, and Georgia—in creating institutional frameworks for corruption prevention, enhancing public service ethics, and ensuring accountability. The study suggests that integrating these best practices into Uzbekistan’s legal system could contribute to strengthening the rule of law and promoting integrity in both public and private sectors. In conclusion, the article argues that combating corruption should be approached comprehensively—combining legal, institutional, and educational tools to create an environment of zero tolerance toward corrupt behavior. Continuous improvement of legal mechanisms, digitalization of public services, effective financial monitoring, and raising citizens’ legal awareness are identified as key directions for the future. The research findings can serve as a theoretical and practical basis for developing further reforms in the field of anti-corruption law and policy in Uzbekistan.
Models of Modernization in Social Development or the Path of Uzbekistan’s Progress
This article analyzes the models of modernization of social development, their theoretical foundations, and their interrelation with Uzbekistan’s path of progress. The advantages and disadvantages of modernization, its contemporary relevance, practical challenges, and recommendations for overcoming them are discussed. The article highlights Uzbekistan’s modernization path, which is based on the harmony of national values and advanced experiences.
The Analysis of the Foreign Relations of the Kokand Khanate Based on European Sources
This article considers the issue of modern trends in the placement of household service enterprises in modern conditions. The analysis shows that the principles of the development of the network of household service enterprises in the areas of new buildings have changed, as well as the need to improve approaches to the planning of retail and household infrastructure of residential areas. According to the results of the survey, the author studied the factors affecting the behavior of consumers of individual services.
ENGLISH IMPERIALISM IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE IN THE LATE 19TH – EARLY 20TH CENTURY
This study explores the political, economic, and cultural impact of British imperialism on the Ottoman Empire during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries — a period marking capitalism’s transition to its imperial phase. Using historiographical analysis and documentary evidence, the article examines how Great Britain employed financial instruments, diplomatic alliances, and cultural discourse to extend its influence over the weakening Ottoman state. It reveals that British control operated primarily through indirect economic dependence, exemplified by debt commissions, the acquisition of Suez Canal shares, and the annexation of Cyprus. The research also highlights the interplay between imperial strategies and Orientalist narratives that justified British hegemony under the guise of modernization and reform. The Tanzimat reforms, the Crimean War alliances, and the Treaty of Sèvres are analyzed as turning points illustrating the transformation of Ottoman sovereignty. The findings demonstrate that British imperialism not only reshaped the political geography of the Middle East but also contributed to the ideological foundations of modern Turkey’s emergence from the ruins of the Ottoman order.
Improving the Methodology for Accounting for Indirect Costs in Cotton and Textile Clusters and Their Distribution Between Semi-Finished Products and Final Finished Products
The article discusses current issues in the methodology of indirect costs accounting in cotton-textile clusters. The main focus is on the problem of their rational distribution between semi-finished products (yarn, raw fabric) and finished products. The necessity of transition to improved process and multi-factor cost allocation methods is substantiated, taking into account the specific features of textile production cycles. Proposals are presented for the implementation of digital tools for accounting and standardization of distribution bases.
Linguistic Perception of Time and Behavior: Revisiting Whorfian Hypotheses through Ethnopoetic Analysis
This study revisits the Whorfian hypothesis of linguistic relativity by examining the role of language in shaping temporal cognition and behavior. Drawing on both foundational theories by Benjamin Lee Whorf and empirical insights from contemporary neo-Whorfian scholarship, the research investigates how linguistic structures contribute to culturally specific perceptions of time. Through a comparative analysis of temporal metaphors in Mandarin and English, and an ethnopoetic examination of non-linear narrative patterns in Chol folktales, this paper highlights how language-bound conceptualizations influence both thought and social behavior. Utilizing Dell Hymes’ ethnopoetic model, the study uncovers how the organization of narrative discourse in the Chol language reflects unique temporal frameworks that resist linear sequencing. The synthesis of experimental and ethnographic data affirms the cognitive implications of linguistic diversity, arguing that language does not merely express but actively constructs temporal and behavioral schemata.
The Processes and Prospects for the Formation of Civil Society in Uzbekistan on the Eve of Independence
This article analyzes the processes of civil society formation in Uzbekistan on the eve of independence within the context of political, social, and economic conditions. It examines the fundamental changes in the public administration system, challenges encountered during the transition from a totalitarian system to a democratic society, and factors influencing the development of civil society institutions. Through comparative analysis with Western European countries, both common and unique aspects of Uzbekistan's transition period are identified. The impact of normative legal acts adopted after independence, particularly laws, decrees, and resolutions, on the development of civil society is explored. Additionally, the article analyzes reforms aimed at enhancing public oversight and strengthening cooperation between non-governmental organizations and the state. The effectiveness of civil society institutions is evaluated using modern indices.
Non-governmental non-profit organizations
Project Management in Joint-Stock Companies: The Case of the Tourism Industry
In the era of globalization and rapid technological advancement, project management has become a key instrument for organizational success. For joint-stock companies (JSCs), where transparency, shareholder value, and governance play an essential role, project management ensures that corporate objectives are achieved efficiently and sustainably. This paper explores the application of project management within joint-stock companies, focusing on the tourism industry as a practical example. It analyzes theoretical frameworks, discusses challenges and opportunities, and illustrates the role of structured project management through case studies.
An Examination of Challenges Militating against Development of Guidance and Counseling in Nigerian Schools
This paper examined the challenges facing teaching and learning of Guidance and Counseling programme in the Nigerian schools. The paper concluded that limited funding, shortage of trained counsellors, lack of proper infrastructure, societal and cultural problems, shortage of counseling resources, insecurity problems and poor capacity development of counsellor are challenges facing teaching and learning of Guidance and Counseling programme in the Nigerian schools. Based on this findings, the paper recommends increment in the funding guidance and counseling programme in the Nigerian schools by the government and stakeholders. Employment of more professional guidance and counseling teachers in all the schools in Nigeria by the governments to improve the service delivering of the guidance and counseling in schools across Nigeria. Provision of infrastructure facilities in all the schools by the government to support effective implementation of guidance and counselling programme. The government should provide adequate guidance and counseling resources in the schools. This will help to improve the quality of guidance and counseling services in the public schools across the country.
From Annulment to Recognition: State Power, Historical Revisionism and the Politics of Memory in Nigeria’s Democracy Day
Nigeria’s democratic journey began in the 1960s after independence from Britain but recorded setbacks arising from military coups that paved the way for transition to civil rule. This paper critically explores how June 12, which was once an annulment of elections day and national trauma in 1993, was declared as Nigeria’s Democracy Day in 2018 by way of formal proclamation. It examines how Nigerian governments, one after another, have engaged in historical revisionism to reshape people’s memory and political legitimacy through selective narratives of the past. Drawing from secondary sources, media and policy reports, and academic critiques, the study problematizes the convergence of state power, national identity-making and memory politics. It dwells on how symbolic rehabilitation of June 12 and posthumous commemoration of Chief M. K. O. Abiola form a gesture of atonement and instrumental effort by the state to renegotiate its democratic heritage. The paper argues that, although the official holiday on 12th June is a significant step towards democracy in Nigeria, it also reveals underlying tensions between popular historical consciousness and official memory. The study calls for a more inclusive and dialogical memorialization beyond political opportunism and actual national reconciliation.
Modern leap in development Artificial Intelligence (AI) has led to its widespread application in various fields, including the legal sphere. The use of intelligent virtual assistants and other types of AI tools raises questions that will transform the legal profession. This article briefly describes the various ways in which AI can be applied in legal practice to assist lawyers and other legal professionals in their work. It provides a statistical overview and examples of current solutions used by lawyers, and scenarios in which AI tools can perform tasks traditionally performed by lawyers. As AI continues to integrate into legal practice, it raises some legal and ethical issues related to the integrity of the legal system, the duties of lawyers, and the protection of client rights.